What type of material is commonly used for electrical insulation?

Ceramics and thermoplastics are widely recognized for their excellent electrical insulation properties, making them common choices for this application. Ceramics, such as alumina and porcelain, possess a high dielectric strength, meaning they can withstand significant voltages without conducting electricity. This makes them ideal for insulators in high-voltage applications.

Thermoplastics, such as PVC and polyethylene, are also effective insulators due to their molecular structure, which inhibits the free flow of electrical current. They are often used in cables and other electrical components to ensure safe operation and prevent electrical shorts.

While metals conduct electricity and are therefore unsuitable as insulators, woods can also conduct electricity under certain conditions and lack the consistent insulating properties found in ceramics and thermoplastics. Composites may have some insulating characteristics, but they are generally not as reliable as the dedicated insulating materials mentioned.